2023 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

Figure A1 Notes

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The total crime rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the total crime rate reported here is higher than the conventional crime rate reported by Statistics Canada, which excludes traffic offences.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Table A1 Notes

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Figure A2 Notes

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Table A2 Notes

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Figure A3 Notes

Sexual violations against children are a set of Criminal Code violations that specifically concern violations involving child and youth victims. These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation, but exclude sexual violations not specific to children, as well as accessing/distributing child pornography.

Other violent violations includes robbery, criminal harassment, indecent/harassing communications, uttering threats, kidnapping, forcible confinement, abduction or hostage taking, trafficking in persons and prostitution and other violations.

CC traffic violations causing death or bodily harm include dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, failure to stop and other Criminal Code traffic violations.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Excludes victims over 89 years of age.

Table A3 Notes

Sexual violations against children are a set of Criminal Code violations that specifically concern violations involving child and youth victims. These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation, but exclude sexual violations not specific to children, as well as accessing/distributing child pornography.

Other violent violations includes robbery, criminal harassment, indecent/harassing communications, uttering threats, kidnapping, forcible confinement, abduction or hostage taking, trafficking in persons and prostitution and other violations.

CC traffic violations causing death or bodily harm include dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, failure to stop and other Criminal Code traffic violations.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Excludes victims over 89 years of age.

Figure A4 Notes

Non-sexual violent offences include 1) violations causing death and attempted murder, 2) assaults, 3) other violent violations (e.g., robbery; criminal harassment; indecent/harassing communications; uttering threats; kidnapping, forcible confinement, abduction or hostage taking; trafficking in persons and prostitution; violent firearm violations; extortion; and other violent violations), and traffic offences causing bodily harm.

Sexual violent offences include 1) sexual assaults and 2) sexual violations against children (e.g., child and youth victims). These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching, and sexual exploitation.

Excludes victims over 89 years of age.

Table A4 Notes

Non-sexual violent offences include 1) violations causing death and attempted murder, 2) assaults, 3) other violent violations (e.g., robbery; criminal harassment; indecent/harassing communications; uttering threats; kidnapping, forcible confinement, abduction or hostage taking; trafficking in persons and prostitution; violent firearm violations; extortion; and other violent violations), and traffic offences causing bodily harm.

Sexual violent offences include 1) sexual assaults and 2) sexual violations against children (e.g., child and youth victims). These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching, and sexual exploitation.

Excludes victims over 89 years of age.

Figure A6 Notes

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety data are reported per 1,000 population, which are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police-reported rates.

Police-reported rates are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Total household victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, and the most recent data available are from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Table A6 Notes

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety data are reported per 1,000 population, which are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police-reported rates.

Police-reported rates are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Total household victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, and the most recent data available are from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Figure A7 Notes

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety data are reported per 1,000 population, which are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police-reported rates.

Police-reported rates are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Sexual assault remains one of the most underreported crimes, according to 2019 GSS data, with only 6% of those who had been victims of sexual assault reporting the assault to police.

Total household victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, and the most recent data available are from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Table A7 Notes

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety data are reported per 1,000 population, which are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police-reported rates.

Police-reported rates are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Total household victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, and the most recent data available are from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Figure A8 Notes

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety data are reported per 1,000 population, which are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police-reported rates.

Police-reported rates are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Total household victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

Theft of personal property is not captured under household victimization or violent victimization; it is therefore presented separately. Theft of personal property is included in the total average victimization.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, and the most recent data available are from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Table A8 Notes

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety data are reported per 1,000 population, which are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police-reported rates.

Police-reported rates are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime statistics. GSS data is complementary to police-reported crime data, as many individuals who are victimized do not report their victimization to police; therefore, GSS data contributes to a more holistic representation of actual crime statistics.

Total household victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories contained in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

Theft of personal property is not captured under household victimization or violent victimization; it is therefore presented separately. Theft of personal property is included in the total average victimization.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, and the most recent data available are from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Figure A9 Notes

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations; weapons/firearms violations; counterfeit; possession of, accessing, making, or distribution of child pornography; and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief, and arson.

Table A9 Notes

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice offences, counterfeit, weapons/firearms violations, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Due to rounding, rates may not add up to totals.

Figure A10 Notes

Assault is a violent offence classified into 3 levels: level 1 or common assault, the least serious form including behaviours such as pushing, slapping, punching and face-to-face threats; level 2 assault, defined as assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm; and level 3 aggravated assault, defined as assault that wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the victim.

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations; weapons/firearms violations; counterfeit; possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography; and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table A10 Notes

Assault is a violent offence classified into 3 levels: level 1 or common assault, the least serious form including behaviours such as pushing, slapping, punching and face-to-face threats; level 2 assault, defined as assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm; and level 3 aggravated assault, defined as assault that wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the victim.

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is 1 or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than 1 charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying 2 rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where 2 or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of preparation.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure A11 Notes

Warrant of Committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

The decision type guilty includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

Individuals found guilty in adult criminal court in a given year period are not always admitted to custody in the same year period.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition.

Court and correctional services data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication of the CCRSO. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Table A12 Notes

Total includes the following categories: males, females, sex unknown, and any registered companies.

Length unknown includes indeterminate custody sentences. In some provinces/territories, particularly British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Quebec and New Brunswick, the unknown category may include guilty cases with custody where the custodial sentence ordered has already been served and the time remaining is equal to zero.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of preparation.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure A13 Notes

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations; weapons/firearms violations; counterfeit; possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography; and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years old).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A13 Notes

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations; weapons/firearms violations; counterfeit; possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography; and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons age 12 to 17.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years old). Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Figure A14 Notes

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CC) includes administration of justice violations; weapons/firearms violations; counterfeit; possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography; and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody, and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of preparation.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table A14 Notes

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code (Other CC) offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is 1 or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than 1 charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying 2 rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where 2 or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of preparation.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure A16 Notes

It is possible to receive more than one sentence type in relation to a guilty charge in a case. For the current figure, when a youth received multiple sentences, only the most serious sentence is represented. Sentence types are ranked from most to least serious as follows: Intensive rehabilitative custody and supervision; custody and supervision - presumptive, murder; custody and supervision - presumptive, excluding murder; custody and supervision; custody (supervision type) not specified, youth custodial sentence under the Young Offenders Act, or adult custody; conditional sentence, deferred custody and supervision; Intensive support and supervision; probation; prohibition, seizure, forfeiture; community service; personal service/compensation in kind; pay purchaser; restitution; compensation; fine; conditional discharge; absolute discharge; reprimand; and other.

*Other sentence includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s), and reprimand. This category also includes intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act are not available.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of preparation.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure A17 Notes

The median is the middle value where half the values fall below the median and the other half above. The median is the preferred way to measure the average when there is an extreme outlier in the data.

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief hosted by the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data were retrieved online on March 21^st, 2024 from http://www.prisonstudies.org, which contains the most up-to-date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Figure A17 Notes

Table A17 and A18 display the same data for ease of reference and accessibility purposes.

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief hosted by the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data were retrieved online on March 21^st, 2024 from http://www.prisonstudies.org, which contains the most up-to-date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Figure A18 Notes

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief hosted by the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data were retrieved online on March 21^st 2024, from http://www.prisonstudies.org, which contains the most up to-date information available. Different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Table A18 Notes

Table A17 and A18 display the same data for ease of reference and accessibility purposes.

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data were retrieved online on March 21^st, 2024 at http://www.prisonstudies.org, which contains the most up to date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Section B: Corrections Administration

Figure B1 Notes

Total expenditures represent gross expenditures and exclude revenues (i.e., Foreign Exchange Gains and refund of previous year revenue). Operating costs include Employee Benefit Plan expenditures. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries), remissions on service fees as well as spending of amounts equivalent to the proceeds from disposal of surplus moveable Crown assets.

Adjusted costs adjust for the impact of inflation by reporting in constant dollars. Constant dollars (2002) represent dollar amounts calculated on a 1-year base that adjusts for inflation, allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI).

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of preparation.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure B2 Notes

Due to changes in policy, Correctional Officers no longer occupy positions in the community.

These numbers represent indeterminate and terms equal to or more than 3 months substantive employment; and employee status of active and paid leave current up to March 31, 2023.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure B3 Notes

In 2018-19, the methodology of presentation for certain indirect costs was changed to better reflect the direct costs of maintaining an offender.

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within federal institutions).

Total incarcerated and community includes additional NHQ & RHQ administrative costs, which are not part of the Institutional and/or Community calculations.

Offenders in the Community include: Offenders under CSC’s supervision on conditional release, statutory release, or with Long-Term Supervision Order.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure B4 Notes

A full-time equivalent is a measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget. Section 103 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act limits the Parole Board of Canada to 60 full-time members.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table B4 Notes

A full-time equivalent is a measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget. Section 103 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act limits the Parole Board of Canada to 60 full-time members.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure B5 Notes

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration, and resources required.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table B5 Notes

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration, and resources required.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure B6 Notes

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration, and resources required.

Due to ongoing efforts at the OCI to streamline the administrative database and ensure accuracy in reporting, the numbers in this table will not always match those of past Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overviews, or OCI Annual Reports.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C2 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/victims/003006-7001-en.shtml

Reported data is current up to the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C2 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/victims/003006-7001-en.shtml

Reported data is current up to the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C4 Notes

Warrant of Committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Revocation is when an offender is admitted to federal custody after conditional release and before reaching warrant expiry.

“Other” includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C5 Notes

Two intersex offenders were also in custody within Correctional Service Canada facilities at the end of fiscal year 2022-23.

On November 28, 2019, the new choice “Another sex” was added as a choice in the sex field of the Offender Management System. On September 24, 2022, “Another sex” was changed to “Intersex” to use an appropriate term based on the definition of sex. Per Commissioner's Directive 100, an offender’s current “sex” is determined solely by their current genitalia and must not be changed unless there is a change to the offender’s genitalia following gender-affirming surgery.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C5 Notes

Two intersex offenders were also in custody within Correctional Service Canada facilities at the end of fiscal year 2022-23.

On November 28, 2019, the new choice “Another sex” was added as a choice in the sex field of the Offender Management System. On September 24, 2022, “Another sex” was changed to “Intersex” to use an appropriate term based on the definition of sex. Per Commissioner's Directive 100, an offender’s current “sex” is determined solely by their current genitalia and must not be changed unless there is a change to the offender’s genitalia following gender-affirming surgery.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C7 Notes

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The group of offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long-term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Indeterminate means that the offender’s term of imprisonment does not have an end date. The Parole Board of Canada reviews the cases after the number of years prescribed by legislation and sentencing.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C8 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/services/you-csc/victims/register.html

Offences of victimization are acts the offender committed that harmed the victim, and have been confirmed using police reports or judge's comments. The offender may not have been convicted of each act or may be serving a federal sentence for different offences. This could be a result of plea deals, because charges were not pursued by the Crown, or the offence may be from a previous sentence or a provincial sentence. Offences of victimization are limited to victims registered with CSC.

More than one offence of victimization may be recorded for each victim.

"Deprivation of freedom" offences are offences such as kidnapping, forcible confinement, hostage taking, or abduction.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C8 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/services/you-csc/victims/register.html

Offences of victimization are acts the offender committed that harmed the victim, and have been confirmed using police reports or judge's comments. The offender may not have been convicted of each act or may be serving a federal sentence for different offences. This could be a result of plea deals, because charges were not pursued by the Crown, or the offence may be from a previous sentence or a provincial sentence. Offences of victimization are limited to victims registered with CSC.

More than one offence of victimization may be recorded for each victim.

"Deprivation of freedom" offences are offences such as kidnapping, forcible confinement, hostage taking, or abduction.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C9 Notes

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Although not illustrated in the figure, the distribution of age upon admission is similar for both males and females.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C9 Notes

On November 28, 2019, the new choice “Another sex” was added as a choice in the sex field of the Offender Management System. On September 24, 2022, “Another sex” was changed to “Intersex” to use an appropriate term based on the definition of sex. Per Commissioner's Directive 100, an offender’s current “sex” is determined solely by their current genitalia and must not be changed unless there is a change to the offender’s genitalia following gender-affirming surgery.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C10 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/services/you-csc/victims/register.html

Reporting rates ranged from 91.5% in 2018-19 to 94.2% in 2022-23. The difference between the total number of registered victims and the number of victims who reported their age is the result of victims choosing not to report their age during registration, or their age is unknown to CSC. The information does not represent victims who have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

Note that all registered victims are 18 years of age or older except for exceptional circumstances (i.e. emancipations).

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C10 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/services/you-csc/victims/register.html

Reporting rates ranged from 91.5% in 2018-19 to 94.2% in 2022-23. The difference between the total number of registered victims and the number of victims who reported their age is the result of victims choosing not to report their age during registration, or their age is unknown to CSC. The information does not represent victims who have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

Note that all registered victims are 18 years of age or older except for exceptional circumstances (i.e., emancipations).

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C11 Notes

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C11 Notes

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C12 Notes

In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility, and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In community under supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100 percent.

For offender population data, the reported year period (2022-23) reflects a fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C12 Notes

In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In community under supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100 percent.

For offender population data, the reported year period (2022-23) reflects a fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C14 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/services/you-csc/victims/register.html

Demographic information is voluntarily self-reported by victims who have registered with CSC to receive information about the offender who harmed them. The information does not represent victims who have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

The difference between the total number of registered victims and the number of victims who voluntarily self-reported their race is the result of victims choosing not to report their race or their race is unknown to CSC. The response rate for victim race has remained stable for the past three fiscal years.

The total number of victims for whom CSC has reported race data for 2022-23 is 3,304 whereby it is 5,443 for unknown, which means CSC has self-reported race data for approximately one third of registered victims. Therefore, these statistics do not represent the entirety of registered victims.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C14 Notes

The Canadian Victims Bill of Rights defines a victim as any individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage, or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence. The law also allows a spouse, a relative or dependent, an individual who is responsible for the care or support of the victim or the care or support of a dependent of the victim, to act on behalf of a victim, if the victim cannot act on their own behalf. Victims include persons harmed by the offender regardless of whether the offender has been prosecuted or not, as long as an official complaint has been made to the police or to the Crown.

Victims do not automatically receive information about the offender who harmed them. If they have been harmed by an offender serving a sentence of 2 years or more, victims must register with the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) or the Parole Board of Canada to receive information or access services. Registration allows CSC to verify that the individual meets the definition of victim, which is required by law before sharing protected offender information. https://www.canada.ca/en/correctional-service/services/you-csc/victims/register.html

Demographic information is voluntarily self-reported by victims who have registered with CSC to receive information about the offender who harmed them. The information does not represent victims who have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

The difference between the total number of registered victims and the number of victims who voluntarily self-reported their race is the result of victims choosing not to report their race or their race is unknown to CSC. The response rate for victim race has remained stable for the past three fiscal years.

The total number of victims for whom CSC has reported race data for 2022-23 is 3,304 whereby it is 5,443 for unknown, which means CSC has self-reported race data for approximately one third of registered victims. Therefore, these statistics do not represent the entirety of registered victims.

Reported year periods reflect fiscal years. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C15 Notes

The religion groupings were changed starting in the 2018 CCRSO publication to reflect the same groupings as Statistics Canada

Religious identification is self-reported by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Buddhist includes offenders who belong to the following group: Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist, Theravadan Buddhist and Vajrayana Buddhist.

Christian includes offenders who belong to the following group: Amish, Anglican (Episcopal Church of England), Antiochian Orthodox, Apostolic Christian Church, Armenian Orthodox/Apostolic, Associated Gospel, Assyrian Chaldean Catholic, Baptist, Brethren In Christ, Bulgarian Orthodox, Canadian Reformed Church, Catholic- Greek, Catholic-Roman, Catholic-Ukrainian, Catholic Non-Specific, Churches of Christ/Christian Churches, Charismatic, Christadelphian, Christian & Missionary Alliance, Christian Congregational, Christian Non Specific, Christian Or Plymouth Brethren, Christian Orthodox, Christian Reformed, Christian Reformed Church, Christian Science, Church of Christ Scientist, Church of God, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saint, Community of Christ, Coptic Orthodox, Doukhobor, Dutch Reformed Church, Ethiopian Orthodox, Evangelical, Evangelical Free Church , Evangelical Missionary Church, Free Methodist, Free Reformed Church, Grace Communion International, Greek Orthodox, Hutterite, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Macedonian Orthodox, Maronite, Melkite, Mennonite, Messianic Jew, Methodist Christian, Metropolitan Community Church, Mission de l'Esprit Saint, Moravian, Mormon (Latter Day Saints), Nazarene Christian, Netherlands Reformed, New Apostolic, Pentecostal (4-Square), Pentecostal Assembly of God, Pentecôtiste, Philadelphia Church of God, Presbyterian, Protestant Non-Specific, Quaker (Society of Friends), Reformed Christian, Romanian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Salvation Army, Serbian Orthodox, Seventh Day Adventist, Shaker, Swedenborgian (New Church), Syrian/Syriac Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic, Ukrainian Orthodox, United Church, United Reformed Church, Vineyard Christian Fellowship, Wesleyan Christian and Worldwide Church of God.

Hindu includes offenders who belong to the following group: Hindu and Siddha Yoga.

Jewish includes offenders who belong to the following group: Jewish Orthodox, Jewish Reformed and Judaism.

Muslim includes offenders who belong to the following group: Muslim and Sufism.

Rastafarian includes offenders who belong to the following group: Rastafarian.

Sikh includes offenders who belong to the following group: Sikh.

Traditional Indigenous Spirituality includes offenders who belong to the following group: Indigenous Spirituality Catholic, Traditional Indigenous Protestant, Traditional Indigenous Catholic, Native Spirituality, Catholic - Native Spirituality, Native Spirituality Protestant and Indigenous Spirituality.

Wiccan/Pagan includes offenders who belong to the following group: Asatru Paganism, Druidry Paganism, Pagan and Wicca.

Other Religion includes offenders who belong to the following group: Baha'i, Eckankar, Independent Spirituality, Jain, Krishna, New Age, New Thought-Unity-Religious Science, Other, Pantheist, Rosicrucian, Satanist, Scientology, Shintoïste, Spiritualist, Taoism, Transcendental Meditation, Unification Church, Unitarian, Visnabha and Zoroastrian.

No religion Affiliation includes offenders who belong to the following group: Agnostic, Atheist, Gnostic, Humanist and offenders who have no religion affiliation.

Unknown includes offenders who belong to the following group: Unknown, not stated as well as those offenders who have no religion specified.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.